Aetna PPO Rehab Coverage in New York: Detox, Inpatient & Mental Health Benefits

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Medically Reviewed | Updated 2026 | New York Coverage Guide

On This Page

• What Is Aetna PPO Insurance?
• Does Aetna PPO Cover Rehab?
• Detox Coverage
• Inpatient Rehab Coverage
• Outpatient Programs
• Mental Health Benefits
• Dual Diagnosis Coverage
• Prior Authorization
• Out-of-Network Benefits
• Verify Benefits
• New York Coverage Areas
• FAQs

Quick Answer: Does Aetna PPO Cover Rehab in New York?

Yes — many Aetna PPO plans may cover medically necessary addiction and mental health treatment in New York, including detox, inpatient rehab, residential care, PHP, IOP, therapy, medication-assisted treatment, and dual diagnosis treatment. Coverage depends on the specific plan, network status, deductible, authorization rules, and medical necessity. Always verify your benefits before admission.

The rest of this guide explains each of those benefits in detail — what detox, inpatient, and outpatient coverage typically look like; how prior authorization and medical necessity work; the difference between in-network and out-of-network care; how to verify your specific benefits; and what options exist across New York. Because every Aetna plan is structured a little differently, treat the information here as a framework for understanding your coverage rather than a guarantee of what any individual policy will pay.

What Is Aetna PPO Insurance?

Aetna is one of the largest national health insurers in the United States and is part of CVS Health. Aetna offers several plan structures, and the Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) is among the most flexible. For people seeking addiction or mental health treatment, that flexibility can be a meaningful advantage.

A PPO plan lets members receive care from both in-network and out-of-network providers. In-network care generally carries lower out-of-pocket costs because Aetna has negotiated contracted rates with those providers, but a PPO does not require members to stay strictly within the network. This matters for behavioral health, where the right clinical fit — a specific detox program, a dual diagnosis specialty center, or a particular level of care — sometimes lies outside the network.

Aetna’s behavioral health benefits cover both substance use disorder treatment and mental health treatment. In practice, this means a single plan can support someone through medically supervised detox, a residential or inpatient stay, step-down outpatient care, and ongoing therapy — provided each level of care meets the plan’s medical-necessity standards. Knowing how your particular PPO plan is structured, and which services require prior authorization, is the foundation for using those benefits effectively.

How Aetna PPO Differs from HMO and EPO Plans

• PPO: Broad provider choice, in- and out-of-network coverage, usually no requirement for a primary care referral to see a specialist.
• HMO: Lower premiums but generally limited to in-network providers, often requiring referrals.
• EPO: A middle ground — broader than an HMO but typically no out-of-network coverage except in emergencies.

Because behavioral health benefits are administered alongside medical benefits, understanding your plan type is the first step in knowing what addiction and mental health treatment may be available. For a broader overview, see our insurance and rehab hub, and compare with other New York plans such as the NYSHIP Empire Plan, Empire BlueCross PPO, and Empire BCBS PPO guides.

Does Aetna PPO Cover Drug and Alcohol Rehab in New York?

Aetna PPO plans often provide coverage for medically necessary substance use disorder treatment, but benefits vary by employer plan, individual policy, state requirements, and network status. Because Aetna must comply with the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, behavioral health benefits are generally provided on terms comparable to medical and surgical coverage.

The defining factor is medical necessity. When a licensed clinician documents that a particular level of care is appropriate — often using The ASAM Criteria — coverage commonly applies. The specific copays, coinsurance, deductibles, and authorization requirements depend on the member’s plan.

It is worth emphasizing why this coverage exists. Addiction is recognized by the medical and scientific community as a chronic, treatable medical condition rather than a personal failing. Just as a health plan covers treatment for diabetes or heart disease, Aetna PPO plans cover treatment for substance use disorders when it is medically necessary. That framing shapes how benefits are applied: coverage follows clinical need, and the same evidence-based standards used to justify other medical treatment apply to addiction and mental health care. Members should never feel that seeking treatment falls outside what their plan is meant to cover.

Commonly Covered Services

• Medical detox with physician supervision.
• Inpatient rehab and residential treatment.
• Partial hospitalization (PHP) and intensive outpatient (IOP).
• Standard outpatient therapy and counseling.
• Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid and alcohol use disorders.
• Psychiatric care and dual diagnosis treatment.
• Telehealth therapy for flexible, remote care.

To understand how these levels fit together, review our guides on drug addiction and alcohol addiction.

Aetna PPO Detox Coverage in New York

Medically supervised detox is typically the first step in treatment for physical dependence and is commonly covered by Aetna PPO plans when medically necessary. Withdrawal from certain substances can be dangerous, so the plan generally covers physician supervision, monitoring, and medications to manage symptoms. For an overview, see what to expect in detox.

Detox stabilizes the body but is rarely the entire treatment; coverage is designed to support a smooth transition into inpatient, residential, or outpatient care so that there is no gap that raises relapse risk. Higher-intensity detox commonly requires prior authorization.

The level and setting of detox depend on the substance involved and the severity of dependence. Some members need 24-hour inpatient monitoring, while others can be managed in a less intensive setting. The substance-specific guidance below explains what supervised withdrawal commonly looks like for the drugs most frequently treated, and in each case Aetna’s coverage generally follows what a clinician documents as medically necessary.

Alcohol Detox

Alcohol withdrawal can involve seizures and delirium tremens. Supervised alcohol detox with monitoring and medication is commonly covered when medically necessary.

Opioid Detox

Opioid detox is frequently paired with medication-assisted treatment. Coverage commonly extends to supervised withdrawal and approved medications for opioid dependence.

Fentanyl Detox

Detoxing from fentanyl often requires extended monitoring due to the drug’s potency. Medically supervised fentanyl detox is commonly covered.

Heroin Detox

Supervised heroin detox with appropriate medication support is generally covered when documented as medically necessary.

Benzodiazepine Detox

Benzodiazepine withdrawal can be medically dangerous and usually requires a carefully managed taper. Physician-supervised benzodiazepine detox is commonly covered when clinically indicated.

Meth Detox

While meth withdrawal is generally not life-threatening, it can involve severe depression and cravings. Coverage commonly supports stabilization and the transition into ongoing care.

Prescription Drug Detox

Dependence on prescription drugs is treated under the same medical-necessity framework, with coverage commonly applying to supervised withdrawal and the medications used to manage it.

Not sure which level of detox your plan covers? Call (888) 510-3898 to check your Aetna PPO detox coverage and discuss options confidentially.

Aetna PPO Inpatient Rehab Coverage

Inpatient and residential rehab provide 24-hour, structured treatment. Aetna PPO plans often cover inpatient rehab with authorization when a clinical assessment establishes medical necessity — for example, when a member needs continuous supervision, has a high relapse risk, or has co-occurring conditions requiring an intensive setting.

The value of residential care is the removal of everyday triggers and the immersion in a structured therapeutic environment. Away from the people, places, and stressors tied to substance use, members can focus fully on recovery while a clinical team monitors their physical and psychiatric health around the clock. For many people, this intensive foundation makes the later, less restrictive phases of treatment far more effective. Because inpatient care is one of the more costly levels of treatment, it is also one where authorization and continued-stay reviews matter most — which is exactly why verifying benefits up front is so valuable.

What Inpatient Rehab Includes

• 24-hour clinical and medical supervision.
• Individual therapy and group therapy on a structured schedule.
• Medication management and psychiatric services.
• Family therapy and trauma-informed care.
• Dual diagnosis support for co-occurring conditions.

Average Lengths of Stay

Length of stay is driven by clinical need, but programs commonly fall into recognizable ranges. Aetna generally authorizes care in increments, with continued-stay reviews to confirm the level of care remains appropriate.

• 30-day rehab: stabilization and early recovery skills.
• 60-day rehab: deeper therapeutic work and relapse-prevention planning.
• 90-day rehab: extended care associated with stronger long-term outcomes for complex cases.

Wondering whether residential rehab is covered for you? Call (888) 510-3898 to review your Aetna PPO inpatient benefits with a treatment specialist.

Aetna PPO Outpatient Rehab Coverage

Outpatient care lets members receive treatment while living at home and meeting work or family obligations. Aetna PPO plans commonly cover the full outpatient continuum, allowing members to step down gradually as they stabilize.

Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP)

A partial hospitalization program delivers day-treatment intensity without overnight stays and is commonly covered as a step down from inpatient care.

Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP)

An intensive outpatient program provides structured therapy several times per week while members keep working. Many also use a virtual IOP to attend remotely.

Standard Outpatient, Aftercare & Sober Living

Standard outpatient therapy, telehealth therapy, relapse prevention, and sober living support form the continuing-care phase that protects long-term recovery. Coverage for these services commonly applies under behavioral health benefits, though specifics vary by plan.

The advantage of outpatient care for working Aetna members is that it fits around employment, childcare, and other responsibilities. Many programs offer evening or weekend sessions, and telehealth makes it realistic to stay engaged even during demanding weeks or after returning home from a residential program. A typical recovery path moves from detox or inpatient care down through PHP and IOP and into standard outpatient therapy and aftercare — and because Aetna PPO plans commonly cover this full continuum, members can step down gradually without losing benefit support at each transition. Continuing care is the phase that most directly protects long-term recovery, since the period after an intensive program is when relapse risk is highest, and sustained outpatient engagement is associated with better outcomes.

Aetna PPO Mental Health Coverage in New York

Behavioral health coverage extends well beyond addiction treatment. Thanks to federal mental health parity law, Aetna PPO plans generally cover mental health resources and treatment for psychiatric conditions on terms comparable to medical care.

Commonly Covered Mental Health Conditions

• Depression — including major depressive disorder.
• Anxiety — generalized, social, and related disorders.
• PTSD — post-traumatic stress and related trauma responses.
• Bipolar disorder — including mood stabilization and medication management.
• Panic disorder — recurrent panic attacks and anticipatory anxiety.
• Trauma — acute and complex trauma presentations.
• Co-occurring disorders — mental illness alongside a substance use disorder.

Federal parity protections mean that treatment limits, copays, and prior authorization rules for mental health generally cannot be more restrictive than those applied to comparable medical benefits.

In practice, parity is one of the most important protections for people seeking behavioral health care. It means an Aetna PPO plan cannot, for example, impose a stricter visit limit on therapy than it would on visits for a physical condition, or apply higher cost-sharing to psychiatric care than to comparable medical care. While the details still vary by plan, parity gives members a meaningful baseline of access to mental health and substance use treatment. If you believe a benefit has been applied in a way that seems inconsistent with parity, that is worth raising during verification or appeal.

Does Aetna PPO Cover Dual Diagnosis Treatment?

Yes — Aetna PPO plans commonly cover dual diagnosis treatment when it is medically necessary. Dual diagnosis (co-occurring disorders) refers to the presence of both a substance use disorder and a mental health condition, such as opioid dependence alongside PTSD or alcohol use alongside depression.

Treating these conditions together produces better outcomes than treating them separately. Integrated care uses a coordinated clinical team that addresses psychiatric and addiction needs at the same time.

Co-occurring disorders are common rather than exceptional. A large share of people who enter addiction treatment also live with a mental health condition, and untreated psychiatric symptoms are one of the most significant drivers of relapse. That is why an integrated program does not simply treat the addiction and refer the mental health condition elsewhere; a single team coordinates psychiatric care, medication, and therapy so that progress in one area reinforces progress in the other. For Aetna PPO members, confirming that a program offers true integrated care — not just parallel services — is a useful question to ask during benefit verification.

What Integrated Dual Diagnosis Care Includes

1. Comprehensive psychiatric evaluation to identify all underlying conditions.
2. Coordinated treatment planning addressing addiction and mental health together.
3. Medication management by a psychiatrist or addiction medicine physician.
4. Evidence-based therapy such as CBT, DBT, and trauma-focused modalities.
5. Relapse-prevention and continuing care to support long-term stability.

Mental health and addiction often go hand in hand. Call (888) 510-3898 to verify your Aetna PPO behavioral health and dual diagnosis coverage.

In-Network vs. Out-of-Network Aetna PPO Rehab Benefits

Because a PPO offers broad provider choice, understanding the difference between in-network and out-of-network benefits helps you anticipate costs and avoid surprises.

In-Network Rehab

• Lower negotiated rates and lower out-of-pocket costs.
• Simplified billing handled between the provider and Aetna.
• Predictable copays and coinsurance through provider contracts.

Out-of-Network Rehab

• Greater flexibility to choose a specific facility or specialty.
• May still be partially covered, though higher deductibles and coinsurance can apply.
• Verification before admission is essential.

Important: Out-of-network coverage does not guarantee payment. Aetna PPO members should verify benefits before admission.

Understanding Your Costs

Several plan features determine what a member actually pays. The deductible is the amount you pay before the plan begins sharing costs. Coinsurance is the percentage you pay after meeting the deductible, while a copay is a flat amount for a given service. The out-of-pocket maximum is the ceiling on what you will pay in a plan year — once you reach it, the plan generally covers eligible costs in full. These figures often differ between in-network and out-of-network care, which is why two members with the same diagnosis can face very different bills depending on where they receive treatment. A benefits verification translates these abstract numbers into a realistic estimate for your specific situation, so there are no surprises after admission.

Using Your New York Aetna Plan for Treatment in California

One of the most practical advantages of an Aetna PPO is that coverage extends beyond New York. The PPO structure includes out-of-network benefits, which means specialized addiction treatment programs in California — and elsewhere — may be partially covered under your plan.

Many people choose to travel for treatment deliberately. Leaving the environment where substance use became routine — the daily triggers, the social patterns, the physical spaces associated with using — is a clinically recognized strategy for disrupting deeply entrenched habits. Southern California offers one of the highest concentrations of licensed, accredited treatment programs in the country, with clinical infrastructure spanning every level of care from medical detox through long-term aftercare and a mild year-round climate that supports outdoor therapeutic activities.

Traveling for care is not avoidance. It is an intentional decision to recover in a setting designed for recovery, and it is one of the reasons PPO plans maintain out-of-network benefits — to give members access to specialized programs that may not be available in their home network.

In some cases, a treatment facility and Aetna can negotiate a Single Case Agreement (SCA), an arrangement that allows an out-of-network provider to be covered at terms closer to in-network when the clinical need is specific enough that no in-network provider can adequately meet it. An experienced admissions team can help determine whether an SCA is worth pursuing for your situation.

The question most callers ask — “will my New York Aetna PPO plan actually cover a program in California?” — is exactly what a free, confidential verification answers. Many people are surprised to learn how much of the cost their out-of-network benefits absorb once the numbers are run.

Prior Authorization and Medical Necessity

Prior authorization (preauthorization) is the process by which Aetna confirms that a requested service is medically necessary before — or shortly after — care begins. Understanding these requirements helps members avoid denied claims and unexpected costs.

• Preauthorization is commonly required for detox, inpatient rehab, residential treatment, and PHP.
• Utilization review and continued-stay reviews confirm that the current level of care remains appropriate over time.
• Clinical documentation supports medical necessity, often referencing The ASAM Criteria and DSM-5-TR diagnoses.
• Treatment plan requirements outline goals, modalities, and expected level of care.

Treatment providers handle most authorization paperwork directly with Aetna. A specialist can confirm exactly what your specific admission will require before you commit.

It helps to understand why authorization exists. From the plan’s perspective, it is a check that the requested level of care matches the member’s clinical needs — that someone is not, for example, placed in 24-hour inpatient care when a structured outpatient program would be equally effective and less disruptive. For members, the practical takeaway is that authorization is usually a routine, behind-the-scenes step rather than an obstacle, especially when a qualified provider documents medical necessity clearly. Problems most often arise when care begins without authorization in place, which is one more reason to verify and coordinate benefits before admission rather than after.

What Aetna PPO May Cover

The table below summarizes services commonly addressed under Aetna PPO behavioral health benefits. Coverage is always subject to medical necessity, plan terms, network status, and authorization.

Treatment Service	Common Coverage Status
Medical Detox	Often covered when medically necessary
Inpatient Rehab	Often covered with authorization
Residential Treatment	Often covered depending on plan
PHP	Often covered
IOP	Often covered
Outpatient Therapy	Often covered
Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)	Often covered
Psychiatry	Often covered
Dual Diagnosis	Often covered
Telehealth Therapy	Often covered

Disclaimer: Benefits vary by individual plan, employer, and clinical circumstances. This table is a general guide only and does not guarantee coverage. Always verify benefits before admission.

How to Verify Aetna PPO Rehab Benefits

Verifying your benefits before admission is the single most important step in avoiding unexpected costs. A treatment specialist can complete most of this on your behalf in one phone call.

Verification of benefits (often abbreviated VOB) is a check that confirms what your plan will pay for a specific service at a specific provider, and what your share of the cost will be. It is free, it does not obligate you to enter treatment, and it protects you from the most common financial surprises in addiction care: learning after the fact that a level of care required authorization, or that a facility was out-of-network. The steps below outline what that process looks like for an Aetna PPO plan.

• Locate your Aetna insurance card. Have it ready for reference.
• Identify plan type, member ID, and behavioral health number. Confirm that you have a PPO plan.
• Confirm network status. Determine whether the provider is in-network or out-of-network.
• Review costs. Check your deductible, copay, coinsurance, and out-of-pocket maximum.
• Confirm prior authorization requirements. Ask which levels of care need approval.
• Ask about specific services. Confirm whether detox, residential, PHP, IOP, and MAT are covered.
• Get admissions guidance. Discuss the timeline once benefits are confirmed.

Call The Recover at (888) 510-3898 for confidential Aetna PPO rehab benefit verification — free, fast, and with no obligation.

New York Aetna PPO Rehab Coverage by Region

Aetna PPO members can access treatment across New York State. Below are the major regions where members commonly search for in-network and out-of-network New York rehab programs.

New York City

The five boroughs offer the densest concentration of behavioral health providers in the state, covering detox, inpatient, and the full outpatient continuum across Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Manhattan in particular is a hub for psychiatric and dual diagnosis specialty programs, while the outer boroughs offer a wide range of community-based and hospital-affiliated outpatient and IOP providers. For Aetna PPO members, the density of options in NYC often means more in-network choices, though out-of-network programs remain accessible under a PPO.

Long Island & Downstate

Long Island — across Nassau County and Suffolk County — offers residential and outpatient options, while Westchester County provides a range of inpatient and dual diagnosis facilities. The Hudson Valley adds residential programs in quieter, recovery-focused settings.

Upstate New York

Albany serves the Capital Region, Buffalo covers Western New York, and Rochester and Syracuse provide strong continuums of care across the Finger Lakes and Central New York. Across rural Upstate New York, telehealth expands access for members who live far from a facility. Members in these regions sometimes weigh whether to seek treatment locally or travel to a downstate or out-of-state program; under a PPO, both options may be possible, but out-of-network and out-of-area benefits should always be confirmed in advance because cost-sharing and authorization rules can differ from in-network, in-state care.

Not sure where to start? Our treatment directory and guide on how to choose a treatment center can help you compare programs.

Aetna PPO Rehab Coverage for Families

Aetna PPO plans commonly extend behavioral health benefits to enrolled dependents, including spouses and eligible adult children. Family therapy is frequently part of a treatment plan, and The Recover offers extensive family support resources for those navigating a loved one’s recovery.

If you are trying to help someone reluctant to seek care, our help for loved ones and intervention resources can guide the conversation. For urgent situations, review our emergency addiction help guidance and broader recovery guides.

Family involvement is not just emotional support — it is often a clinical component of effective treatment. Addiction and mental illness affect the whole household, and many programs build family therapy into the treatment plan to repair communication, set healthy boundaries, and prepare loved ones to support recovery after discharge. Because dependents enrolled on the same Aetna PPO policy generally share access to behavioral health benefits, families can sometimes engage in care together. A treatment specialist can explain how dependent coverage applies to your specific plan and help coordinate verification for more than one family member at once.

Aetna PPO Rehab Coverage Summary ✓ Detox Coverage ✓ Residential Treatment ✓ Inpatient Rehab ✓ PHP ✓ IOP ✓ MAT ✓ Mental Health Services ✓ Dual Diagnosis Programs ✓ Telehealth Therapy Coverage varies by plan.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Aetna PPO cover rehab in New York?

Many Aetna PPO plans may cover medically necessary addiction treatment in New York, including detox, inpatient rehab, residential care, and outpatient programs. Exact benefits depend on your plan, network status, and medical necessity.

Does Aetna PPO cover detox?

Medically supervised detox is commonly covered when medically necessary, including alcohol, opioid, and benzodiazepine withdrawal management under physician supervision. Specific coverage must be confirmed with the plan.

Does Aetna cover inpatient rehab?

Inpatient rehab is often covered with prior authorization when a clinical assessment establishes medical necessity. Coverage and length of stay depend on the plan and ongoing reviews.

Does Aetna cover residential treatment?

Residential treatment is often covered depending on the plan and medical necessity. Authorization and continued-stay reviews typically apply.

Does Aetna PPO cover PHP?

Partial hospitalization programs are commonly covered, often as a step down from inpatient care or as an entry point for members who need significant structure.

Does Aetna PPO cover IOP?

Intensive outpatient programs are commonly covered, allowing members to receive structured therapy while continuing to work or care for family.

Does Aetna cover dual diagnosis treatment?

Integrated treatment for co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders is commonly covered when documented as medically necessary.

Does Aetna cover mental health treatment?

Under federal mental health parity law, Aetna PPO plans generally cover mental health treatment — including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and bipolar disorder — on terms comparable to medical care.

Does Aetna cover medication-assisted treatment?

MAT for opioid and alcohol use disorders is commonly covered when prescribed by a qualified provider as part of a treatment plan, subject to medical necessity and plan terms.

Does Aetna PPO cover telehealth therapy?

Telehealth behavioral health services are commonly covered, expanding access for members in rural areas or those balancing treatment with work and family.

Is prior authorization required?

Higher levels of care such as detox, inpatient rehab, residential treatment, and PHP commonly require prior authorization, along with continued-stay reviews. Requirements vary by plan.

Can I go out-of-network with Aetna PPO?

Yes. A PPO allows out-of-network care, which is often still partially covered, though cost-sharing differs from in-network care. Out-of-network coverage does not guarantee payment, so verify benefits first.

How much will rehab cost with Aetna PPO?

Costs depend on your deductible, copay, coinsurance, out-of-pocket maximum, and network status. A benefits check can estimate your share before admission. No specific cost can be guaranteed in advance.

Does Aetna cover out-of-state rehab?

A PPO’s out-of-network benefits can sometimes extend to programs in other states. Verify out-of-network and out-of-state benefits before traveling for care, since cost-sharing and authorization rules can differ.

Can my family use my Aetna plan for rehab?

Eligible dependents enrolled on your plan — such as a spouse or adult child — generally have access to the same behavioral health benefits, subject to plan terms. Verify each member’s coverage.

How do I verify Aetna PPO rehab benefits?

The fastest route is to call (888) 510-3898 for a free, confidential benefits check. A specialist can help confirm coverage, network status, authorization requirements, and costs.

Still have questions about your Aetna PPO rehab coverage? Speak with a treatment specialist now at (888) 510-3898 — free, confidential, and ready to help you find New York rehab options.

Trusted Resources & References

This guide draws on standards and information from leading authorities:

• Aetna behavioral health and member benefits
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• New York State Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS)
• New York State Office of Mental Health (OMH)
• New York State Department of Health
• CMS Mental Health Parity resources

Medical & Editorial Review

Medically Reviewed By

This content has been reviewed for clinical accuracy by The Recover’s medical review network, including a licensed addiction medicine physician, a board-certified psychiatrist, and a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW). Reviewers confirm that descriptions of levels of care, withdrawal management, and dual diagnosis treatment reflect current evidence-based standards.

Editorial Review

Reviewed and edited by The Recover Editorial Team to ensure clarity, accuracy, and adherence to E-E-A-T standards for health content.

Emergency Disclaimer

If you or someone you know is experiencing a medical emergency or is at risk of harm, call 911 immediately. This guide is not a substitute for emergency care or professional medical advice.

About The Recover

The Recover is a national behavioral health referral network and publisher of addiction and mental health resources. The Recover is not Aetna, CVS Health, an insurer, or a treatment provider, and is not affiliated with or endorsed by Aetna or any plan administrator. Mentions of insurers and plan names are for identification and educational purposes only. This guide is educational and does not guarantee coverage, payment, admission, or clinical outcomes. Always verify benefits directly before beginning treatment.